degree resolution global ocean model with hydrostatic, Bousinesq, and rigid-lid approximations, to estimate the transport to be 18 Sv. The major result of his study is that the introduction of the observed density distribution in place of a uniform density results in a general increase of the strength of the mid-latitude gyre by a factor of three. However, it is noted that with sloping density surface the effect of a large horizontal mixing coefficient suck out a large amount of fluid: horizontal mixing mixes a large amount of water normal to the density surfaces. This may change the character of the entire circulation arid thus, affect the transports of basin-scale circulation and in the Indonesian seas.
Recent attempts to model Indonesian Throughflow include a reduced gravity NORDA global model of Kindle et al. [1987], a global simulation of Semtner and Chervin [1988, 1992], a global Sverdrop model of Godfrey [1989], and a high resolution reduced gravity Indo-Pacific domain models for diagnostic study [Masumoto, 1995, Miyama et. al., 1995].
Using a one active layer reduced gravity of primitive equation formulation incorporating a free surface in a spherical geometry over a latitudinal extent ranging from 71 N to 72 S, Kindle et al. [1987] examined seasonal and interannual variability of the Pacific to Indian Throughflow. They indicated that the seasonal variations of the local wind in the eastern Indian Ocean dominates the seasonal signal of the net Indonesian Throughflow.
Semtner and Chervin [1992] simulated the global ocean circulation with resolved eddies. They identified a global thermohaline circulation of North Atlantic Deep Water in deep western boundary currents connected by the ACC. They showed that much of the thermohaline return flow follows an eddy-rich warm water route through the Indonesian channel and around the southern tip of Africa. The representation of a global conveyer belt circulation with narrow and relatively high-speed currents along most of its path may be the most important result of their modeling study.
Inoue and Welsh [1993] studied seasonal variability of the wind-driven upper layer circulation in the Indo-Pacific rergion, using a fine resolution primitive equation reduced-gravity model forced by the climatological monthly wind. They used the open bounday condition to account for a net transport of mass from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, and modeled annual cycle of the total Indonesian through- flow ranging from 0.5 SV towards the Pacific in February to 18.lSv towards Indian Ocean in July-October with a mean of 9.85V.
Masumoto [1995] used a 20 level high resolution (0.5 degree by 0.5 degree) ocean domain [50S-30N] in order to simulate Indonesian throughflow. They forced the model for five years to obtain annual mean transport of 95v from the Pacific to the Indian ocean with maximum transport of 11.65v in August and with minimum transport of 6.0Sv in January. They concluded that the interbasin throughflow does not affect the seasonal variation in the transport through the Lombok strait, but the wind in the tropics governs the transport through the Lombok strait. However, the transport through the Timor sea is affected by the circulation around Australia
